| Language |
Reconstruction |
Reflex |
Description |
|
Fijian
|
OC.E.1A
|
E
|
Verbal particle, indefinite in tense; with na = future
|
|
Hawaiian
|
OC.E.1A
|
E
|
Non-past
|
|
Kapingamarangi
|
OC.E.1A
|
E
|
General, habitual
|
|
Emae
|
OC.E.1A
|
E
|
Verbal particle, present, third person subject
|
|
New Zealand Maori
|
OC.E.1A
|
E(e)
|
Preposed verbal particle, non-past tense
|
|
Ifira-Mele
|
OC.E.1A
|
Ee
|
Non-future
|
|
Moriori
|
OC.E.1A
|
E
|
Tense marker
|
|
Marquesas
|
OC.E.1A
|
E
|
Particul verbale indiquant que l'action est en cours ou que l'action est habituelle. Verbal particle: imperfective (Mtu).
|
|
Mangareva
|
OC.E.1A
|
E
|
Particule verbale indiquant le présent ou le futur, i.e. une action qui n'est past terminée ou n'a pas eu lieu
|
|
Nukuoro
|
OC.E.1A
|
E
|
General
|
|
Luangiua
|
OC.E.1A
|
E
|
General tense marker
|
|
Penrhyn
|
OC.E.1A
|
E
|
Non-past tense-aspect
|
|
Vaeakau-Taumako
|
OC.E.1A
|
E
|
Particle signifying a state either seen as general or as valid at the moment of speech
|
|
Pukapuka
|
OC.E.1A
|
E
|
A tense marker ; non-specific tense marker
|
|
Rarotongan
|
OC.E.1A
|
(ʔ)E(e)
|
Imperfect aspect
|
|
Rennellese
|
OC.E.1A
|
E(e)
|
Generalised aspect marker
|
|
Samoan
|
OC.E.1A
|
E
|
Predicative particle used with reference to present or future
|
|
Sikaiana
|
OC.E.1A
|
E
|
Non-past tense-aspect marker
|
|
Tahitian
|
OC.E.1A
|
E
|
(devant les formes verbales) Aspect non accompli (action qui n'a pas eu lieu au moment auquel on se réfère), équivaut souvent (a) au futur....(b) au présent intemporel...
|
|
Takuu
|
OC.E.1A
|
E
|
Tense-aspect marker indicating no change of state, habitual action, or a completed event
|
|
Tikopia
|
OC.E.1A
|
E
|
Verbal particle, present tense marker
|
|
Tokelau
|
OC.E.1A
|
E
|
Non-past tense-aspect
|
|
Tongan
|
OC.E.1A
|
ʔE
|
Future tense-aspect marker
|
|
Tuamotu
|
OC.E.1A
|
E
|
Verbal particle, incipient action/condition
|
|
West Uvea
|
OC.E.1A
|
E
|
Morphème préverbal marquant une valeur de temps neutre ou générale, souvent donc un état
|
|
West Futuna
|
OC.E.1A
|
E
|
Existential or habitual present or past
|
|
Anuta
|
PN.E.2
|
E
|
By
|
|
Easter Island
|
PN.E.2
|
E
|
Agent marker
|
|
Tuvalu
|
PN.E.2
|
E
|
Agent marker
|
|
East Futuna
|
PN.E.2
|
E
|
Preposed agent marker
|
|
East Uvea
|
PN.E.2
|
E
|
Particule qui marque le sujet nominal dans les phrases transitives
|
|
Fijian
|
PN.E.2
|
E
|
Locative preposition in, at, on
Problematic
|
|
Hawaiian
|
PN.E.2
|
E
|
Preposed agent marker
|
|
Kapingamarangi
|
PN.E.2
|
E
|
Agent preceding subject pronoun
|
|
New Zealand Maori
|
PN.E.2
|
E
|
Preposed agent marker
|
|
Moriori
|
PN.E.2
|
E
|
Agentive preposition
|
|
Marquesas
|
PN.E.2
|
E
|
Préposition indiquant par qui l'action est faite. Case marker: agentive (Mtu).
|
|
Mangareva
|
PN.E.2
|
E
|
Agent marker. Préposition: par, de (agent du passif)
|
|
Niue
|
PN.E.2
|
E
|
By (agent) only before pronouns and proper names
|
|
Penrhyn
|
PN.E.2
|
E
|
Agent marker
|
|
Vaeakau-Taumako
|
PN.E.2
|
E
|
By (agentive preposition)
|
|
Pukapuka
|
PN.E.2
|
E
|
Ergative-passive agent marker
|
|
Rarotongan
|
PN.E.2
|
E
|
Preposed agent marker
|
|
Rennellese
|
PN.E.2
|
E
|
Preposed subject marker before transitive verbs
|
|
Samoan
|
PN.E.2
|
E
|
Preposed agent marker
|
|
Sikaiana
|
PN.E.2
|
E
|
Agent marker
|
|
Tahitian
|
PN.E.2
|
E
|
(devant les formes nominales) Marque de l'agent du passif "par"
|
|
Tikopia
|
PN.E.2
|
E
|
Preposition agency marker; with, by
|
|
Tokelau
|
PN.E.2
|
E
|
Agent marker
|
|
Tongan
|
PN.E.2
|
ʔE
|
Agent marker
|